When the spinal vertebrae are articulated with each other the bodies form a strong pillar for the support of the head and trunk. Between every pair of vertebrae are two apertures openings , the intervertebral foramina. The foramen allows for the passage of the spinal nerve root, dorsal root ganglion, the spinal artery of the segmental artery, communicating veins between the internal and external plexuses, recurrent meningeal sinu-vertebral nerves, and transforaminal ligaments.
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Gross anatomy Boundaries anterior: lower posterolateral aspect of a vertebral body and the intervertebral disc below, in the thoracic and lumbar regions. Quiz questions. Last's anatomy, regional and applied. Churchill Livingstone. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon.
Related articles: Anatomy: Spine. Promoted articles advertising. No uniform agreement has been made on which classification best describes this area. Studies of the nerve root canals have clearly noted variations in the angle of take-off from the thecal sac, length of the nerve root, and placement of the dorsal root ganglion from different lumbar levels.
The intervertebral foramina are essentially "exit routes" from which the nerve roots leave the spine and branch out to all parts of the body. Without the foramen, nerve signals could not travel to and from the brain to the rest of the body. Without nerve signals, the body would not be able to function.
A common problem that can affect the neuroforamina is spinal stenosis. Stenosis is a medical term that means narrowing. Spinal stenosis is usually, but not always, an age-related disorder associated with arthritis. Spinal stenosis can occur in two places: the spinal canal in which case it's called central canal stenosis and the foramina.
With pain due to neuroforaminal spinal stenosis, arthritis-related bone growth also known as bone spurs or osteophytes that are present in one or more foramen "bump into" the nerve root that passes through that space, causing radicular pain in one leg or arm. Pain accompanied by other sensations such as tingling or numbness is called radiculopathy.
The main symptom of neuroforaminal stenosis is pain. Neurogenic claudication occurs as a result of ischemia a lack of blood flow to the nerves and usually presents with a heaviness in the legs. It is typically associated with central stenosis rather than foraminal stenosis neurogenic. Most people with spinal stenosis feel better when they flex bend forward at the trunk and worse when they arch their backs.
Treatment for stenosis usually is aimed at relieving pain and preventing nerve symptoms from occurring or getting worse. Conservative treatments are often effective enough. These include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs , physical therapy, regular exercise , and cortisone injections.
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