In the s, it was becoming clear to Europeans that the Julian calendar they had used since the days of the Roman Empire was slowly getting out of sync with the seasons. But after years, that tiny difference added up.
To correct that error, the Gregorian calendar eliminates the leap year in years ending in 00, unless they are divisible by The Gregorian calendar is accurate to within 26 seconds a year. To make up the days lost over the centuries, when Pope Gregory ordered the new calendar to be implemented in , he also ordered that ten days simply be dropped.
Once again, the calendar was in sync with the seasons. I have only added a Column in the Second Page of each month, containing the Days of the Old Stile opposite to their corresponding Days in the New, which may, in many Cases, be of Use; and so conclude believing you will excuse a short preface, when it is to make Room for something better.
Thy Friend and Servant, R. Saunders was a pseudonym an alias or pretend name used by an author of Benjamin Franklin. The original Richard Saunders was a well-known astrologer who lived in England during the s.
The use of this name by Franklin shows us how much colonists in America shared with people of England. Awake, my Soul! Shines forth, and cheers his Universe around.
Who with a radiant Veil of heavenly Light Himself conceals from all created Sight. One of the most important events in colonial America were court dates. Because of the long distances between towns, a judge or a group of judges traveled around the county and hold trials on different days.
It was easier and more efficient to move the judges to the people than to expect people to travel long distances. All of these different courts were responsible for overseeing different parts of the law. Court days were important for the entire community. People might be involved in a minor incident, such as suing a neighbor for stealing a cow, or serve as a witness in a more violent crime.
Court days were an opportunity for gossip, trade, and catching up with neighbors. Franklin has also listed the monthly meetings for Quakers and Baptists, two of the largest religious groups in Pennsylvania.
The Quakers and Baptists, as well as other religious groups, held weekly church meetings, and some churches also held monthly meetings. Several congregations would meet at a given location to oversee charity for poor members and to discipline members who had committed sins. Essentially, Franklin is advertising both the secular courts and the religious courts of his day.
Transcription of these pages is below. At Lancaster, the first Tuesday in the Months aforesaid. In Bergen County, April 3. In Essex, April In Somerset, Octob. In Monmouth, April In Hunterdon, Octob.
In Gloucester, June April 3. June April Sept 25 In Middlesex, jan. May In Burlington, Febr. May 1 Aug. In Glochester, March 27, June Sept 1s. June 5.
In Cape May, Feb. May 13, Augu 8, Octt. At Westchester, March Franklin declared open season on other professions. Doctors and lawyers were some of his favorite targets. He was obviously distrustful of doctors and their healing abilities, as in "There's more old Drunkards than old Doctors" and "God heals and the doctor takes the fee. Franklin even poked fun at astrologers. He mocked competitor John Jerman in and again in this preface for Ignorant Men wonder how we Astrologers fortell Weather so exactly, unless we deal with the old black Devil.
He spies perhaps VIRGO or the Virgin ; she turns her Head round as it were to see if any body observ'd her; then crouching down gently, with her Hands on her Knees, she looks wistfully for a while right forward. He judges rightly what she's about: And having calculated the Distance and allow'd Time for it's Falling, finds that next Spring we shall have a fine April shower.
In time, Franklin changed course to focus on serious instruction in the true nature of astrology as in the preface and in defending the science of astrology in , calling the misuse of astrology "pseudoscience," it being used to predict "the best Time of cutting Corns, or gelding Pigs.
The majority of Franklin's maxims focus on the responsibility of a man to provide for his family, to be industrious and frugal and therefore, successful. These qualities would lead to a virtuous and prosperous life. As Helen Mondloch notes, "His verses urged hard work and prudent savings not only as a means of attaining security but as a path to virtue.
Likewise, they condemned sloth, credit payments, and frivolous spending. He showed as much disdain for sloth and excess with "A fat kitchen makes a lean will" and "A rich rogue, is like a fat hog, who never does good til as dead as a log.
Leo Lemay, in an interview with Rosalind Remer, stated his belief that Franklin valued work over inheritance. He praised that from the very beginning to the end of his life. Franklin was as adamant in his instruction to save money as he was about earning it.
As a young man in Philadelphia, he endured hardships as a result of his association with Sir Willliam Keith, governor of Pennsylvania and Franklin's would-be benefactor. Keith had promised to finance Franklin in his own printing business. However, Keith's penchant for extravagance prevented him from keeping this promise to Franklin and stranded him in London with no credit. Keith later died in debtor's prison.
The maxims on debt such as "He that goes a borrowing goes a sorrowing" and "Rather to go to Bed supperless than rise in Debt" demonstrate how strongly Franklin was influenced by his earlier experiences. Franklin's critics accused him in later years of plagiarizing these verses. An issue of Historical Magazine includes a chart comparing Franklin's verses with their original sources. However, Mondloch states, "While Franklin never felt compelled to credit his sources by name—no doubt because the literary protocols of his day differed from our own—he did acknowledge his borrowings.
Why then should I give my readers bad lines of my own, when good ones of other people's are so plenty? He returned to America in March , with war on the horizon. He was also instrumental in persuading the French to lend military assistance to the colonies.
He died in Philadelphia in But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Dickens was born in and attended school in Portsmouth. Hong Kong—a After nearly 14 hours of debate, the House of Representatives approves two articles of impeachment against President Bill Clinton, charging him with lying under oath to a federal grand jury and obstructing justice.
Clinton, the second president in American history to be The Apollo lunar-landing program ends on December 19, , when the last three astronauts to travel to the moon splash down safely in the Pacific Ocean. The almanac was a best seller in the American colonies printing up to 10, copies a year. Its success brought wealth to Benjamin Franklin. In his first edition Franklin predicted the death of Titan Leeds, a competitor publisher of another calendar.
He advised his readers to buy the next issue of his calendar to see if his prediction held. When the date of his predicted death arrived and Leeds had not died, Franklin nevertheless published his obituary.
When confronted by Leeds Franklin proclaimed that someone had appropriated his name and was being impersonated by an inferior printer.
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